Patient with retinal vein occlusion
A new patient is being seen on an emergency basis. This young woman presents with acute onset of visual loss in one eye, a family history of cardiovascular disease, and a medical history that includes a systemic vascular event following a long airplane flight.

A comprehensive workup is important to determine whether her sudden loss of vision is related to a retinal vascular occlusive event, which could indicate an underlying systemic etiology. Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) has been associated with numerous systemic pathologic conditions, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, collagen vascular disease, and clotting disorders, although cause-and-effect relationships have not been established.

With CRVO suspected in this patient, a review of systems relevant to the local and systemic factors predisposing to CRVO is warranted, as well as a comprehensive eye examination.

Upon completion of this interactive case, participants should be able to:
• Identify the primary systemic diseases associated with retinal vein occlusion (RVO);
• Assess the latest evidence on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) and steroid treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME), central retinal vein occlusion and branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), and integrate advances into overall treatment plans
• Discuss ongoing trials investigating treatment for DME and RVO, and incorporate a clinical trial communication plan into practice.
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