Fig. 01 Of the 3,775 cases with resident involvement, most involved PGY5s. In the majority of cases when a resident was involved, they completed the entire case.

Fig. 02 The types of cases. (Figures courtesy of Dr Rosa Braga-Mele, MD)

Fig. 03 aOR = odd’s ratio adjusted for complexity (but does not remove the effect of complexity). There is a statistically significant difference in VL between staff and residents—odds of VL is lower when a resident is involved.

Fig. 04 Complex cases have a higher odds of having a complication­—and this is statistically significant. Staff are doing a greater number of complex cases, and are likely doing cases of higher complexity.

Fig. 05 When we look at only simple cases, there are no statistically significant difference in complications rates between staff and residents. (Figures courtesy of Dr Rosa Braga-Mele, MD)