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Fig. 01 Left. A 42-year-old male with a central corneal herpetic scar and 20/400 vision in his only seeing eye.

Fig. 02 Right. The patient’s postoperative unaided vision is 20/25.

Fig. 03 Left. A 42-year-old male with a central corneal herpetic scar and 20/400 vision in his only seeing eye.

Fig. 04 Right. The patient’s postoperative unaided vision is 20/25.

Fig. 05 Left. A 42-year-old male with a central corneal herpetic scar and 20/400 vision in his only seeing eye.

Fig. 06 Right. The patient’s postoperative unaided vision is 20/25.

Fig. 01 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 02 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 03 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 04 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 05 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 06 Unaided 20/10 vision for a previous contact lens wearer. ETM of both eyes shows a regular contour of the epithelium, an indication of the importance of the epithelium in achievement of pristine vision.

Fig. 01 Left. Forceps trauma suffered at birth caused a posterior Descemet’s tear and posterior corneal scars in the right eye of this 23-year-old male. His cornea was ectatic, he had 5.2 D of irregular astigmatism and visual acuity of 20/400, which was correctable to 20/50.

Fig. 02 Right. Rather than perform a lamellar transplant to stabilise the cornea and improve its shape, corneal inserts were placed with careful selection of incision axis.

Fig. 03 Left. Forceps trauma suffered at birth caused a posterior Descemet’s tear and posterior corneal scars in the right eye of this 23-year-old male. His cornea was ectatic, he had 5.2 D of irregular astigmatism and visual acuity of 20/400, which was correctable to 20/50.

Fig. 04 Right. Rather than perform a lamellar transplant to stabilise the cornea and improve its shape, corneal inserts were placed with careful selection of incision axis.

Fig. 05 Left. Forceps trauma suffered at birth caused a posterior Descemet’s tear and posterior corneal scars in the right eye of this 23-year-old male. His cornea was ectatic, he had 5.2 D of irregular astigmatism and visual acuity of 20/400, which was correctable to 20/50.

Fig. 06 Right. Rather than perform a lamellar transplant to stabilise the cornea and improve its shape, corneal inserts were placed with careful selection of incision axis.

Fig. 01 A 47-year-old female was referred after corneal inserts placed by her surgeon to address keratoconus in the right eye extruded into the anterior chamber. The surgeon extracted the corneal inserts, which caused a scar.

Fig. 02 The outcome of the laser procedure is unaided 20/20 vision despite lack of change in astigmatism on topography.

Fig. 03 Postoperative ETM shows epithelium remodelling to fill in not only the refractively induced corneal curvature but also the area of the scar and the uneven stromal thickness that is the hallmark of the keratoconus itself. (Images courtesy of Dr Arun C. Gulani)

Fig. 04 Postoperative ETM shows epithelium remodelling to fill in not only the refractively induced corneal curvature but also the area of the scar and the uneven stromal thickness that is the hallmark of the keratoconus itself. (Images courtesy of Dr Arun C. Gulani)

Fig. 05 Postoperative ETM shows epithelium remodelling to fill in not only the refractively induced corneal curvature but also the area of the scar and the uneven stromal thickness that is the hallmark of the keratoconus itself. (Images courtesy of Dr Arun C. Gulani)

Fig. 06 Postoperative ETM shows epithelium remodelling to fill in not only the refractively induced corneal curvature but also the area of the scar and the uneven stromal thickness that is the hallmark of the keratoconus itself. (Images courtesy of Dr Arun C. Gulani)