UT Figure 2. During microsurgical denervation of the spermatic cord, a half-inch Penrose drain is placed under the spermatic cord. (Images courtesy of Daniel H. Williams, IV, MD)

UT Figure 3. Arteries and lymphatics are isolated and spared. In this case, the vas deferens also was identified and spared. (Images courtesy of Daniel H. Williams, IV, MD)

UT Figure 4. All other structures are ligated with a combination of 3-0 silk ties and bipolar electrocautery. Vas deferens spared (a). Vas deferens not spared (b). (Images courtesy of Daniel H. Williams, IV, MD)