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Dear %%=ProperCase(FirstName)=%%,
Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), size-exclusion chromatography (SEC),
and gel-filtration chromatography (GFC) are chromatographic techniques used
to determine key properties of macromolecules, such as molecular weight and
molecular weight distribution.
GPC/SEC/GFC all work by separating and sorting the macromolecules according
to their size by passing a solution of the macromolecules through a column
packed with a porous material. These are relative techniques therefore to obtain
molecular weight values, analysts need to calibrate the instrument and columns
using rigorously characterized polymeric reference materials. The correct reference
material to use depends not only on the type of macromolecule of interest and
the range of its molecular weight, but also on the nature of the solvent used to
dissolve it as well as the type of stationary phase in the column that will perform
the separation. Analysts also use these standards to validate the
performance of light-scattering detectors, viscometers, and mass spectrometers.
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